Dog DNA testing guide (2025)

This guide explains what dog DNA tests can realistically tell you, what they cannot, and what to consider before sending a sample (especially for health results).

1) Breed results are probabilities

Breed percentages are model estimates based on reference data. Smaller segments are often less stable, and updates may occur as companies add more dogs to their database.

• If a breed shows up at ~5–10%, treat it as “possible” unless repeatedly confirmed.
• Look for consistency across similar breeds (e.g., herding group vs. a specific rare breed).
• Expect changes over time, especially for mixed breeds.

2) Health markers are not diagnoses

Many tests identify genetic variants associated with increased risk or carrier status. That is useful — but it is not a diagnosis. Confirm clinically meaningful findings with your veterinarian.

• “At risk” does not guarantee disease; environment and other genes matter.
• Carrier results matter mainly for breeding decisions.
• For symptoms, clinical work-up beats DNA interpretation.

3) Privacy & sample handling checklist

Before you buy, read the provider’s current policies. Focus on the operational questions:

• How long do they store the physical sample?
• Can you request destruction of the sample?
• Can you request deletion of genetic data and account information?
• Do they share data for research, and is it opt-in or opt-out?
• What happens if the company is acquired?